{"id":122913,"date":"2014-08-29T15:50:02","date_gmt":"2014-08-29T19:50:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/?p=122913"},"modified":"2014-08-30T11:23:14","modified_gmt":"2014-08-30T15:23:14","slug":"sovereignity-independence-caribbean-court-justice","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/homepage\/features\/commentary\/sovereignity-independence-caribbean-court-justice\/","title":{"rendered":"Sovereignity, Independence and the Caribbean Court of Justice"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_48219\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-48219\" style=\"width: 300px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-48219\" src=\"http:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/eisenhower-douglas-300x261.jpg\" alt=\"Eisenhower Douglas\" width=\"300\" height=\"261\" srcset=\"https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/eisenhower-douglas-300x261.jpg 300w, https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/eisenhower-douglas-129x113.jpg 129w, https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/11\/eisenhower-douglas.jpg 848w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-48219\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Eisenhower Douglas, PhD<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>On July 1 2014, the House of Assembly (HOA), Dominica, passed legislation to \u2018delink\u2019 the country from the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (UK) or Great Britain and to recognize the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) as the Nation\u2019s final Court of Appeal. This legislation became the \u2018law of the land\u2019 on July 8 2014 following its assent by H.E. the President, Mr. Charles Savarin. Dominica therefore became the first OECS Country and the fourth Member State of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to recognize the CCJ as its final Court; the other<br \/>\nCARICOM Member States who earlier did so are Barbados, Guyana and Belize.<\/p>\n<p>When Mr. Henry Dyer served as Attorney General of this country prior to the 2005 General Elections, legislation was passed in the HOA recognizing the CCJ as a Tribunal for the Resolution\u00a0of Disputes arising from implementation of the CARICOM Single Market &amp; Economy (CSME) and interpretation of the Treaty of Chaguaramas; the said Treaty was signed by Heads of Government (HOG) of CARICOM Member States on July 5 2001 during their Summit\/Conference in Nassau, Bahamas. Dominica was represented at this event by former Prime Minister Hon. Pierre Charles. Accordingly, dialogue on the justification and<br \/>\norganizational arrangements for the proper functioning of the CCJ both in its original and appellate jurisdictions began in earnest among interested individuals around that time, 13 years ago, or soon afterwards; this dialogue culminated for example in the following crucial<br \/>\nfeatures for guaranteeing its independence and sustainability:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 Establishment of a Trust Fund of US$100 million for financing the operations of the CCJ<br \/>\nin perpetuity with membership of the Board of Directors (BOD) of the said Trust Fund<br \/>\ndrawn from regional entities.<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 Appointment of CCJ Judges being done by a Regional Judicial and Legal Services<br \/>\nCommission; only the chairman of the Commission who is President of the CCJ is<br \/>\nchosen by the HOG on the recommendation of the Commission.<\/p>\n<p>This uniquely historic action by Dominica\u2019s Parliament in July 2014, brought to an end the involvement of Her Majesty\u2019s Government of Great Britain in the Internal Affairs of our country, an involvement which began in 1761 or 253 years ago within a context of European Hegemony.<\/p>\n<p>Under the Treaty of Versailles in 1783, Dominica was ceded to Great Britain with the status of a Colony under British Sovereignty. This phenomenon continued almost uninterrupted until 1968 with the attainment of \u2018Internal Self Government\u2019 from Great Britain and onto pseudo Political Independence in 1978 when the country was named the Commonwealth of Dominica. The other interruption at reference, or adjustment in sovereignty, occurred during the period 1958-62 when the island was part of the West Indies Federation in keeping with legislation entitled\u201cThe British Caribbean Act\u201d passed in the British Parliament at Westminster, London, on August 2 1956.<\/p>\n<p>Under the Westminster System of Government, which former Colonies such as Dominica inherited from Great Britain upon the attainment of Political Independence, Government comprises three (3) branches namely:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 The Executive or Cabinet;<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 The Legislature or House of Assembly\/Parliament;<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 The Judiciary or Law Courts.<\/p>\n<p>On November 3 1978, the first two branches of Government namely, the Executive and the Legislature, were repatriated to us from London whereas the third branch was not; the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council continued to be our final Court of Appeal.<br \/>\nAccordingly, it could be argued that the transition process to Political Independence for Dominica remained incomplete until July of this year when the Dominica Labour Party (DLP) Government of Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit intervened via the \u2018Constitution of Dominica\u00a0Amendment Act\u2019 #4 of 2014\u2019.<\/p>\n<p>The process leading to formation of the CCJ had its genesis in a decision by the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) in 1989 following which the Government of Trinidad &amp; Tobago offered facilities for it to be headquartered in Port of Spain. In May 1999, the then President of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council stated emphatically during an interview that \u2018appeals from the Caribbean should end\u2019. Furthermore, he said that: \u2018the ultimate Court of appellate jurisdiction of a State should be in that State, staffed by citizens of that state and not by outsiders\u2019. The agreement establishing the CCJ entered into force in July 2003 or eleven (11) years ago.<\/p>\n<p>Recall that in January 2014, Prime Minister Skerrit informed the nation of the Government\u2019s intention to write to the British Government seeking its endorsement to proceed with the \u2018delinking\u2019 process and to which he received a positive response. This in turn provided the basis for Government to proceed with promulgating the Act at reference. This position by the Prime Minister was in keeping with Clause 42(4) of the Constitution of the Commonwealth of Dominica. Furthermore, in keeping with the said position, the Ministry of Legal Affairs<br \/>\nspearheaded a series of consultations around the country in order to sensitize the populace on the practical considerations pertaining to the operations of the CCJ and what it means in terms of access to justice. There was also a first reading of the Bill at reference in the HOA at least 90 days before the July 1 2014 sitting as required by the Constitution.That aside, among the many other opportunities provided for persons to become aware of the purpose and modus operandi of the CCJ are the following:<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 A presentation on the CCJ and the Constitution by Dr. Francis Alexis, QC, former<br \/>\nAttorney General of Grenada &amp; Lecturer in Law at UWI, organized by the Bar<br \/>\nAssociation and held at the Dominica State College (DSC) on June 5 2014;<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 A DAIC organized lecture by Sir Dennis Byron, Chief Justice of the CCJ, delivered at<br \/>\nthe Fort Young Hotel, Roseau, during 2013;<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 A presentation at the Garraway Hotel, Roseau, around 2010, undertaken by a visiting<br \/>\ndelegation from the Law Faculty of UWI headed by Prof. Simeon McIntosh, Dean of<br \/>\nthe Law School;<\/p>\n<p>\uf0b7 An address to the HOA by former President Nicholas Liverpool on July 17 2012 on the<br \/>\noccasion of the National Budget, followed by the circulation of a document<br \/>\ncontaining his statement;<br \/>\n\uf0b7 The availability of booklets locally on the functioning of the CCJ prepared under the<br \/>\nauspices of the CARICOM Secretariat or accessible via its website.<\/p>\n<p>Notwithstanding this widespread availability of information on the CCJ, of the 21 elected Members of Parliament (MPs) eligible to vote on July 1 2014 in the HOA on this constitutional motion, 18 Members voted in favor while the remaining three (3) Members representing the<br \/>\nUnited Workers Party (UWP) abstained. Citizens are therefore left to speculate as to the underlying motive or justification for the abstention, mindful of the circumstances.\u00a0Nevertheless, the third branch of Government has now been repatriated to us from London<br \/>\nthereby allowing the sovereign right of the State of the Commonwealth of Dominica to finally emerge. Undoubtedly, the Government did the right thing on July 1 2014. Moreover, the evidence is clear that our country has become a leader in the Caribbean on several fronts of<br \/>\nrelevance to securing an improved \u2018Quality of Life\u2019 for citizens; this is commendable. Let the Patriots among us come forth and contribute to sustaining the endeavor for improvement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"On July 1 2014, the House of Assembly (HOA), Dominica, passed legislation to \u2018delink\u2019 the country from the Privy Council of the United Kingdom (UK) or Great Britain and to recognize the Caribbean Court of Justice (CCJ) as the Nation\u2019s&#8230;","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-122913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-commentary"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Sovereignity, Independence and the Caribbean Court of Justice - Dominica News Online<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/homepage\/features\/commentary\/sovereignity-independence-caribbean-court-justice\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Sovereignity, Independence and the Caribbean Court of Justice - 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