{"id":52696,"date":"2012-01-11T12:09:20","date_gmt":"2012-01-11T16:09:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/?p=52696"},"modified":"2012-01-11T12:10:19","modified_gmt":"2012-01-11T16:10:19","slug":"health-talk-oh-my-menstrual-cramps","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/homepage\/news\/health\/health-talk-oh-my-menstrual-cramps\/","title":{"rendered":"HEALTH TALK: Oh, my menstrual cramps"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><a href=\"http:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/doc.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft  wp-image-52248\" title=\"doc\" src=\"http:\/\/dominicanewsonline.com\/news\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/01\/doc.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"239\" height=\"179\" \/><\/a><strong>INTRODUCTION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dysmenorrhea, or simply dysmen, is the medical term we use to describe that dull or throbbing pain in the lower abdomen that women experience just before and during their menstrual periods.\u00a0 For some women, or girls, it\u2019s an annoying discomfort.\u00a0 For others, it can be severe enough to interfere with everyday activities for a few days every month.\u00a0 In fact, I dare say that dysmenorrhea contributes to a tremendous loss of productivity on a national scale every month.\u00a0 Now we\u2019re talking economics.\u00a0 In many cases, it has caused many a visit to the Emergency Room, something nobody likes.<\/p>\n<p>Dysmenorrhea can be primary or secondary.\u00a0 The former involves no physical abnormality and usually begins within three years after you begin menstruating.\u00a0 Secondary dysmenorrhea involves an underlying physical cause, such as fibroids or endometriosis.<\/p>\n<p>Measures can be taken to ease the discomfort of primary dysmenorrhea.\u00a0 And comfort can be taken in the fact that cramps decrease in intensity with age and often disappear after pregnancy.\u00a0 Mind you, I am not sending anybody to go and get pregnant!\u00a0 Treating the underlying cause is the way to deal with the cramps of secondary dysmenorrhea.\u00a0 Secondary dysmen cramps, by the way, may start or return later in life, but can begin anytime after your first period.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Most women experience cramps at some time in their lives.\u00a0 Mostly, they are a problem when they\u2019re so severe that your day-to-day routine is affected.<\/p>\n<p>Whether primary or secondary, signs and symptoms may include:<br \/>\nThrobbing or dull pain in your lower abdomen.<br \/>\nPain that radiates (travels) to your lower back and thighs.<\/p>\n<p>Less commonly, there may be:<br \/>\nNausea and vomiting<br \/>\nLoose stools<br \/>\nSweating<br \/>\nDizziness<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHAT CAUSES THE PAIN?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Well, to create a nourishing environment for a fertilized egg (future fetus), the female hormone estrogen causes your uterine lining (endometrium) to thicken every month.\u00a0 Shortly after, a follicle \u2013 a tiny sac in your ovary that contains a single egg \u2013 ruptures and releases its egg (ovulation).\u00a0 If the egg gets fertilized by contact with a sperm on it\u2019s way to the uterus, the egg implants in the lining of the uterus.\u00a0 However, most often the egg passes through your uterus and out your body unfertilized.\u00a0 And shortly thereafter, the uterus sheds its lining, and your menstrual flow begins.\u00a0 In other words, every month, your uterus prepares for a fertilized egg.\u00a0 If it doesn\u2019t get one, it sheds it\u2019s lining, hence your period.<\/p>\n<p>To expel its lining, your uterus (womb, by the way) contracts.\u00a0 Prostaglandins, hormone-like substances involved in pain and inflammation, set off the muscle contractions of the womb.\u00a0 It is thought that prostaglandins cause the cramps of primary dysmenorrhea.<\/p>\n<p>Secondary dysmenorrhea may be caused by a number of conditions, including:<\/p>\n<p>Endometriosis.\u00a0 In this painful condition, the type of tissue that lines your womb becomes implanted outside of it, mostly on the fallopian tubes, ovaries or tissue lining the pelvis.\u00a0 It may even get into your abdomen on the peritoneum (abdominal lining).<\/p>\n<p>Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).\u00a0 I believe we covered this in a previous column.\u00a0 Remember?\u00a0 Sexually transmitted bacteria.<\/p>\n<p>Use of an intra-uterine device (IUD).\u00a0 Every woman who ever asked about contraception (family planning) would have been told about these, previously commonly called the coil.\u00a0 They may cause increased cramping, especially during the first few months after being placed.<\/p>\n<p>Uterine fibroids and polyps.\u00a0 These non-cancerous growths protrude from the lining of the uterus.\u00a0 They interfere with normal rhythmic uterine contractions.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ANY RISK FACTOR?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Yep.\u00a0 Severe menstrual cramps are more likely if you have one or both of the following:<br \/>\nEarly onset of puberty (age 11 or younger).<br \/>\nA family history of painful periods.\u00a0 So it\u2019s o.k. to blame mammy or aunty, for once, right?<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHEN TO SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>If cramping disrupts your life for several days a month.<br \/>\nIf you\u2019re older and just started experiencing severe cramps.<\/p>\n<p><strong>SCREENING AND DIAGNOSIS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>When you visit the doctor, as usual he will ask you a number of questions and he will examine you, including of course, below the waist, looking for abnormalities and any indications of infection.<\/p>\n<p>To rule out other causes of your symptoms or to identify the cause of secondary dysmenorrhea, doctor may request tests such as:<\/p>\n<p>Imaging tests.\u00a0 These are tests done to give the doctor an image of your reproductive system without cutting or pricking you.\u00a0 These may include ultra- sound scan, CT scan or MRI (magnetic resonance imaging).<\/p>\n<p>Laparoscopy. Not a new word to many of you.\u00a0 This is a surgical procedure whereby the doctor can look into your pelvic cavity by making tiny incisions (cuts) in your abdomen and inserting a fiber-optic tube with a small camera lens.<\/p>\n<p>Hysteroscopy.\u00a0 An instrument is inserted through the vagina and your cervical canal to examine the canal and the inside of the uterus.<\/p>\n<p><strong>ARE THERE COMPLICATIONS?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Secondary dysmen can be problematic depending on the cause.\u00a0 If it\u2019s PID, for instance, scarring of the tubes can lead to infertility or ectopic (wrong place) pregnancy.\u00a0 Endometriosis can also lead to impaired fertility.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CAN\u2019T WAIT FOR TREATMENT?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For secondary dysmenorrhea, the underlying cause must be treated.\u00a0 For PID, you\u2019ll need antibiotics, and you\u2019ll need to undergo surgery to remove fibroids or polyps.\u00a0 Endometriosis is usually treated with oral medication, but surgery is sometimes done as well.<\/p>\n<p>Over-the-counter medications may also be helpful, from Paracetamol to Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID\u2019S) such as Aspirin, Advil, and Aleve.\u00a0 Theoretically, NSAID\u2019S should work well because they are prostaglandin inhibitors.\u00a0 Remember prostaglandins are thought to play a role in the sequence of events leading up to the cramps.\u00a0 Severe cramping may prompt the doctor to recommend low-dose contraceptives to prevent ovulation, which may reduce the production of prostaglandins, and hence the severity of your cramps.<\/p>\n<p><strong>WHAT ABOUT SELF-CARE MEASURES?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For primary dysmenorrhea, try soaking in a hot bath or using a heating pad on your abdomen.\u00a0 Also try to:<\/p>\n<p>Exercise regularly.\u00a0 Exercise results in an increased release of endorphins, your body\u2019s natural painkillers.<\/p>\n<p>Get plenty of rest.\u00a0 This way, you\u2019re less vulnerable to pain.<\/p>\n<p><strong>OTHER MEASURES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Some women find relief through massage, yoga, or meditation, all stress-relieving activities that may lessen pain and are unlikely to be harmful.\u00a0 Some find acupuncture helpful for pain relief.\u00a0 If it helps, if it\u2019s legal, use it if it\u2019s available.<\/p>\n<p>See you next week.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"INTRODUCTION Dysmenorrhea, or simply dysmen, is the medical term we use to describe that dull or throbbing pain in the lower abdomen that women experience just before and during their menstrual periods.\u00a0 For some women, or girls, it\u2019s an annoying&#8230;","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_cbd_carousel_blocks":"[]","footnotes":""},"categories":[17,49],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-52696","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-health","category-health-talk"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.6 - 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